Modifiable Risk Factors Implicated in Prostate Cancer Mortality and Morbidity Among West African Men

Abstract

Prostate cancer is a significant public health problem affecting men globally.  In 2012, it was the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among men world-wide and disproportionately impact men of African ancestry.  Some of the modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer   include knowledge and attitudes about the disease, the belief system of individuals and their diet.  Moreover, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco consumption have also been suggested as behavioral factors that contribute to prostate cancer disparities.  This study compares modifiable risk factors implicated in prostate cancer among men living in Africa and African immigrants living in the United States to identifying behavioral factors that can be targeted for intervention. A cross-sectional study design was employed among Black men in Nigeria, Cameroon and African immigrants in United States using the Global Prostate Cancer Measure for Black men.  Findings indicate that Nigerian and Cameroonian men residing in the United States expressed a more positive attitude towards screening than their counterparts in Africa.  Knowledge levels about prostate cancer was higher among African Immigrants in the United States compared to those living in Africa.  Additionally, fatalism, attitude and knowledge of prostate cancer signs and symptoms were statistically significant in the prediction of prostate cancer screening. Cancer control and prevention efforts in Nigerian and Cameroon should focus on educating men about the signs and symptoms of this disease to increase knowledge levels and ensure awareness of screening methods.  Prostate cancer survivors should be part of health promotion campaigns to reduce fatalistic beliefs.